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Characteristics of Fracture

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Fracture in materials describes the process of a material breakage under stress. When a fracture occurs, characteristic behaviors can be observed and analyzed. Listed below are some characteristics of fracture:

  1. Cleavage planes are smooth, flat, and often reflective surfaces along which the material cleaves or splits. These occur along crystal boundaries, which are planes of weakness in the material.
  2. Dimples are round depressions or irregularities on the fracture surface. They are characteristic of ductile materials and suggestive of plastic deformation and energy absorption, immediately prior to fracture.
  3. Shear lips are indicative of fracture resulting from micro-void coalescence. The surface of the fracture often looks fibrous or powdery.
  4. Hackles are chevron patterns seen on the fracture surface. They indicate (point towards) the direction of crack propagation and can help determine the mode of fracture.

 

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