Annealing

The term “annealing” fundamentally refers to a process of heating and controlled cooling applied to a material or a system to alter its physical and sometimes chemical properties, with the primary goals of reducing hardness, increasing ductility, and eliminating internal stresses. This core concept has been extended metaphorically to the field of computer science, specifically in optimization […]
Hardening

Hardening is used to improve the surface hardness of the metal. The part is heated up and cooled down quickly, forming a hard structure inside it called martensite. This structure is usually brittle, so the process is followed by tempering.