This process starts with a round billet, and then a hole is punched in the center, turning it into a thick ring. The ring is then heated and rolled between tools that spread it out. The metal stretches outward while the ring gets thinner and wider. The grain also flows in a circular path, making the ring strong in all directions.
This process is used to make parts, such as bearings, gears, wind turbine flanges, and jet components.
Advantages
There is consistent grain flow, which enhances fatigue resistance.
It provides a near-continuous structure, which reduces the need for welding.
Since the ring is forged from a single piece of metal with no seams or welds, the part holds together better under stress.
