Hot Forging
Hot forging involves shaping the metal above its recrystallization point, which is typically between 0.3 and 0.5 times its absolute melting temperature (Tm). With this, the metal is much easier to shape, especially for metals that are hard to work with when cold. Advantages Thanks to high temperatures, the metal’s resistance to deformation […]
Rolled-Ring Forging
This process starts with a round billet, and then a hole is punched in the center, turning it into a thick ring. The ring is then heated and rolled between tools that spread it out. The metal stretches outward while the ring gets thinner and wider. The grain also flows in a circular path, making […]
Application Scenarios for Metal Parts Based on Hardness
Metal hardness (typically measured on scales like Rockwell C – HRC, or Vickers – HV) is a critical property determining a part’s suitability for specific applications. Here’s a breakdown of common hardness ranges and their ideal usage scenarios: Low Hardness (e.g., Annealed Steels: < 20 HRC, Pure Copper/Aluminum: < 60 HV) Typical Metals: Annealed low-carbon steels […]
Closed-Die (Impression-Die) Forging
This is a process where a heated billet is placed between shaped dies that contain the exact outline of the part. The metal fills the die cavity under pressure, and extra material flows out as flash, which is later trimmed off. This process often involves three steps: Edging: This step distributes the metal […]
Open-Die Forging
Open-die forging, also known as free-forging, shapes hot metal between flat dies or a hammer and an anvil. There are no side-walls or full molds used, which allows the metal to flow relatively freely as it is deformed from different sides. Advantages Continuous Grain Flow: The grain structure aligns with the part’s shape, […]
Methods for Detecting and Verifying the Magnetic Field in MT Equipment
Here are the primary methods for detecting and verifying the magnetic field in Magnetic Particle Testing (MT) equipment, as per industry standards (e.g., ASTM E1444/E1444M, ISO 9934): Tangential Field Strength Measurement (Direct Measurement): Tool: Tangential Field Probe (Teslameter/Gaussmeter) with a Hall-effect sensor. Method: Place the sensor probe perpendicularly (tangentially) on the part’s surface in the area of […]
How to Select Metal Fabrication Methods
Here’s a comprehensive guide to selecting metal fabrication methods, focusing on key decision factors: Key Factors Influencing Method Selection: Part Geometry & Complexity: Simple, Constant Cross-Sections: Extrusion, Roll Forming, Drawing (wire/tube). Hollow Parts: Casting (Die, Investment), Tube Hydroforming. Thin-Walled Parts: Stamping, Sheet Metal Forming (bending, deep drawing), Spinning. Complex Internal Features/Passages: Investment Casting, Additive Manufacturing (AM). Complex 3D Shapes: Casting […]
Typical Applications of Casting
Casting is usually used for intricate parts: Automotive: Parts such as engine blocks, cylinder heads, and brackets are often cast because they have complex shapes. Industrial Equipment: Casting can be used to make pump bodies, valve housings, and pipe fittings. Energy: Components in turbines, motors, and compressors are also made through the casting process. […]
Typical Applications of Forging
Forging can be used to make very strong parts in different industries: Automotive: Parts like crankshafts, connecting rods are usually made through the forging process. Aerospace: Forging can be used to make landing gears, engine mounts, and fasteners. These parts usually face high stress and need to be durable. Medical: Surgical tools and implant […]
Hot Rolling Process
Hot Rolling Process: A Comprehensive Overview Hot rolling is a fundamental metalworking process where metal stock (primarily steel, but also aluminum, copper, nickel, titanium, and alloys) is plastically deformed above its recrystallization temperature. This elevated temperature is critical as it allows the metal to be shaped with significantly lower forces and prevents work hardening, enabling large reductions and […]
